President Donald Trump faced significant legal challenges on Thursday, April 24, 2025, when three federal judges issued rulings against key aspects of his policy proposals. These rulings challenge Trump’s initiatives on immigration enforcement, voting procedures, and diversity programs in education.
In San Francisco, California, U.S. District Judge William Orrick prevented the administration from denying federal funds to “sanctuary” cities and counties nationwide. Judge Orrick stated that the federal government is barred “from directly or indirectly taking any action to withhold, freeze, or condition federal funds” for these areas.
Judge Orrick found sections of Trump’s executive orders in violation of the Fifth Amendment, describing them as “unconstitutionally vague and violate due process.” The lawsuit was initiated by 16 cities and counties, including San Francisco, Seattle, Washington, King County, Washington, Portland, Oregon, Minneapolis, Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, New Haven, Connecticut, and Santa Fe, New Mexico.
The jurisdictions involved contended that the risk of withholding funds would cause “irreparable injury” due to budgetary uncertainty and would damage the trust between local governments and their communities, according to court documents.
This decision marks the second instance where Judge Orrick has halted a similar executive order targeting sanctuary jurisdictions. The earlier ruling was sustained by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, according to court records.
In Washington, D.C., another federal judge paused a critical component of Trump’s attempt to enforce extensive changes to voting and election registration. Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly, appointed by former President Bill Clinton, issued a 120-page opinion halting an executive order that required individuals to present documentation of citizenship before voting.
“Our Constitution entrusts Congress and the States—not the President—with the authority to regulate federal elections,” Judge Kollar-Kotelly wrote. She reprimanded Trump, emphasizing he could not “short-circuit” Congress in this regard.
In Concord, New Hampshire, U.S. District Court Judge Landya McCafferty delivered the third setback to the administration by stopping efforts to withdraw funding from schools with diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs. This ruling responded to a lawsuit filed by the National Education Association and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), which alleged the administration violated teachers’ due process and First Amendment rights.
Judge McCafferty criticized the education department for not defining “DEI program” when issuing directives to schools. “A professor runs afoul of the 2025 Letter if she expresses the view in her teaching that structural racism exists in America, but does not do so if she denies structural racism’s existence. That is textbook viewpoint discrimination,” she stated in her ruling.
The ruling aligns with concerns raised in a broader legal challenge by 19 states against the Trump administration’s threat to withhold over $13.8 billion in funding from schools maintaining DEI initiatives. State officials argue these programs are lawful and help students feel safe and supported.
Legal experts have noted that the three rulings from different judges across the country indicate systemic issues with the administration’s approach rather than isolated judicial disagreements. “The data indicates that the rulings against the Trump administration come from a diverse set of district courts and judges, not just ‘rogue’ or ‘far-left’ judges,” according to legal analysis of the pattern of court challenges.
The legal defeats came just one day after Trump expressed frustration with the judiciary during an interview with conservative commentator Glenn Beck. In that conversation, the president agreed with Senator Mike Lee’s characterization that judges insisting on due process for immigrant deportees were engaging in a form of “judicial insurrection.”
During the interview, Trump expressed his view that the requirement for individual court cases for deportations was impractical. “When you have to get out and do court cases for individual people, and you would have in theory millions of court cases… They’re really saying you’re not allowed to do what I was elected to do,” he said.
The Justice Department has indicated it plans to appeal the sanctuary cities ruling. A spokesperson remarked that the administration would continue fighting in court to defend policies that restrict federal funding to jurisdictions they claim protect “criminal illegal aliens.”
Legal analysts suggest these cases may eventually reach the Supreme Court, as they involve fundamental questions about executive authority and the constitutional separation of powers. Previous court rulings on similar issues have been split, with different federal appeals courts reaching opposing conclusions about the administration’s authority to withhold grants from sanctuary cities.
The ongoing legal battles highlight growing tensions between the executive branch and judiciary that some experts have characterized as approaching a constitutional inflection point. As the administration continues to implement its policy agenda through executive actions, the courts remain a significant check on presidential power.
